LIQUID FUEL FOR INDUSTRIAL BOILER

Higher efficiency – lower emissions

INTRODUCTION LIQUID FUEL

Liquid fuel is used in industrial boilers to power water to generate steam or hot water and is then used for various industrial processes. These boilers require a continuous supply of fuel to operate efficiently. Industrial boilers can utilize various types of gaseous and liquid fuels, including:

• Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 
• Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
• Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
• Biogas

LPG

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a mixture of propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10) typically stored in household gas cylinders. The ratio of propane to butane ranges from 3/7 to 5/5. When burned, LPG produces higher amounts of CO, CO2, and NO compared to the aforementioned fuels.

LPG is a versatile fuel that finds application in a variety of industrial uses, including heating and cooking. In addition, LPG is denser than CNG, which means that it can store more energy in a smaller volume. Liquefied petroleum gas is also cheaper than LNG but more expensive than CNG. However, LPG produces more emissions than CNG and LNG, which can be a disadvantage in some applications.

CNG

Compressed natural gas (CNG) is natural gas (CH4) compressed to 200-250 bar for convenient transportation. It consists of approximately 84% methane (CH4) and 12% ethane (C2H6). CNG is usually more cost-effective compared to gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for household appliances. Additionally, CNG emits lower amounts of CO, CO2, and NO, making it a popular choice as a clean fuel alternative to gasoline. When using CNG, the pressure needs to be reduced to approximately 3 bar.

CNG is frequently compressed and stored in high-pressure cylinders, offering cost advantages over other gaseous fuels such as LPG and LNG. However, CNG exhibits a lower energy density, necessitating a larger quantity of fuel to generate the same amount of energy compared to LPG and LNG. Another consideration is that CNG requires more storage space than LPG and LNG, which may be a drawback in certain applications.

LNG

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a liquid hydrocarbon product whose main component is CH4 – Methane (94.3%), colorless, odorless, non-toxic, is produced by cooling natural gas to a temperature of -162°C. LNG is a clean-burning fuel that produces fewer emissions than traditional fuels. LNG is also denser than CNG and LPG, which means that it can store more energy in a smaller volume. However, LNG is more expensive than CNG and LPG, and it requires specialized infrastructure for storage and transportation. LNG also requires more energy to produce and transport than CNG and LPG, which can be a disadvantage in some applications.

BIOGAS

Renewable energy source produced from the decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen generates biogas. Biogas typically consists of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), along with small quantities of other gases like nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In comparison to CNG, LPG, and LNG, biogas possesses a lower energy density and might necessitate supplementary treatment processes for impurity removal prior to its utilization as a fuel.

After cleaning the biogas from carbon dioxide, biomethane is produced, which is absolutely analogous to natural gas, differing only in its origin.The process of producing biogas is divided into three steps: Preparation of the organic material, fermentation and further processing of the residual material.

Industrial-bios-gas-plant

Benefits and special features:

• Generating profit from waste. Alternative disposal of manure, slurry and biowaste with simultaneous electricity generation, solves both the waste issue and generates additional profit by selling electricity to the grid.
• Efficiency and reliability. INNIO Jenbacher plants are processing biogas all over the world and are the industry benchmark for reliability and efficiency when operating on the most difficult gas types.
• Environment. Reducing the greenhouse effect.
• High efficiency. High local cogeneration efficiency. Generate electricity with an efficiency of 47% and together with heat up to 90%.
• High-quality fertiliser. The remaining substrate is used as a high-quality agricultural fertiliser, characterised by its neutralised acidity, higher pH value, preservation of nutrients and absence of odour. Digestor sludge is a high-quality agricultural fertilizer that can be used in your farm or sold.

ADVANTAGES of LIQUID FUEL

CNG is the cheapest fuel but requires more storage space. LPG is versatile and denser than CNG but produces more emissions. LNG is clean-burning and has a high energy density but is more expensive and requires specialized infrastructure. It is important to consider these factors when selecting a fuel for industrial boilers to ensure efficient and cost-effective operation.

However, there are generally some advantages to using gas and other fuels for boilers over burning solid fuels such as coal:

• Greater efficiency: Gas and other gaseous fuels burn more efficiently than solid fuels such as coal. This implies that it requires less fuel to generate the same heat or steam, leading to lower fuel consumption and cost savings.
• Lower emissions: Gas and other gaseous fuels produce fewer emissions than solid fuels such as coal. This includes lower levels of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, which can negatively affect the environment and human health.
• Easier to Store and Transport: Gas and other gaseous fuels offer greater accessibility for storage and transportation compared to solid fuels like coal. This is possible because they can compress or liquefy them, enabling more efficient storage and transportation.
• Faster start and stop: Gas and other gaseous fuel boilers exhibit faster startup and shutdown capabilities compared to solid fuel boilers like coal. This is due to the ease of turning the fuel on and off, whereas solid fuels require more time to heat up and cool down.

CONCLUSION

Lower maintenance costs: Gas and other gaseous fuels burn cleaner than solid fuels such as coal, resulting in less boiler wear and lower maintenance costs over time.
In summary, gas and other gaseous fuels offer several advantages over solid fuels such as coal when operating a boiler. They are more efficient, produce less emissions, are easier to store and transport, have faster startup and shutdown times, and require less maintenance. These advantages make gas and other gaseous fuels a popular choice for industrial boiler applications.

(According to many sources.)

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